Unearthing Local Realities: A Micro-Level Investigation of Public Education and Healthcare Access in Pakistan

Abstract

This study examines provincial variations in user satisfaction with healthcare and education services across Pakistan, drawing on data from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM) 2019–2020. The dataset, which includes more than 160,000 observations for certain variables, provides a robust foundation for quantitative analysis. Descriptive findings suggest that access to services is relatively widespread, with short travel distances and generally high levels of satisfaction reported. Yet, significant regional disparities emerge, reflecting uneven distribution and quality of services. To test these differences, Pearson’s Chi-square test of independence was employed. Results reveal strong statistical associations (p < 0.05) between province and satisfaction, with Punjab consistently recording higher satisfaction levels, while Baluchistan shows markedly lower outcomes across several indicators. These findings underscore persistent geographic inequalities in service delivery. Addressing such gaps requires targeted, region-specific policies designed to enhance both accessibility and quality, thereby fostering more equitable development and balanced socio-economic progress across the country.

Keywords : Pakistan Education and Health care, Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey, Chi-square, Micro-Level Quantitative Analysis